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RSU Calculator — Common Questions
How are RSUs taxed?
RSUs are taxed as ordinary income at the time they vest — not when they're granted. On vest date, the fair market value of the shares is treated as W-2 income and subject to federal, state, and FICA taxes. Your employer typically withholds a flat 22% (or 37% for amounts over $1M) plus state taxes by selling some shares to cover the tax bill.
What's a typical RSU vesting schedule?
The most common schedule in tech is 4-year vesting with a 1-year cliff — meaning nothing vests for the first year, then 25% vests at the 1-year mark, and the remaining 75% vests monthly or quarterly over the next 3 years.
Should I hold or sell RSUs when they vest?
A common rule of thumb: sell immediately on vest and diversify, unless you have a strong conviction about the company's growth. Holding concentrates risk in a single stock while you're already economically dependent on that company for your salary. That said, if the stock appreciates after vest, you only pay capital gains tax (not income tax) on the additional gain.
What's the difference between RSUs and stock options?
RSUs are simpler — they're actual shares granted to you that vest over time, and they have value as long as the stock price is positive. Stock options give you the right to buy shares at a fixed price (the strike price) — they only have value if the stock rises above that price. RSUs are less risky but also have less upside leverage than options.
How do I find my RSU vesting schedule?
Check your equity platform (Schwab Equity Awards, E*TRADE, Fidelity, Carta, etc.) for your grant agreement. It will show the grant date, total shares, vesting start date, and vesting schedule. Your HR portal or offer letter also typically includes this information.